The syndrome can develop in kidnapping victims, in war settings, concentration camp survivors, people who are subjected to house arrest by family members and also in victims of personal abuse, such as people subjected to domestic and family violence. After being released from captivity, Patty joined her captors, going to live with them and being an accomplice in bank robbery. The most famous and most characteristic case of the disease is that of Patty Hearst, who developed the syndrome in 1974, after being kidnapped during a bank robbery carried out by the far-left group (the Simbionese Liberation Army ). Not all victims develop trauma after the situation is over. However, the victim does not become totally oblivious to his own situation, part of his mind remains alert to danger and this is what causes most victims to try to escape from the kidnapper at some point, even in cases of prolonged captivity. Affective and emotional identification with the kidnapper takes place to provide emotional withdrawal from the dangerous and violent reality to which the person is being subjected. The mind fabricates an illusory strategy to protect the victim’s psyche.
It is important to note that the syndrome process occurs without the victim being aware of it. The complex and dubious behavior of affection and simultaneous hatred towards the kidnappers is considered a survival strategy on the part of the victims. It is important to note that the symptoms are the result of extreme physical and emotional stress. For this reason, attempts at liberation are seen as a threat. Small, gentle gestures on the part of the kidnappers are often amplified because the hostage is unable to have a clear view of reality and danger in such circumstances. Īt first, victims begin to identify emotionally with the kidnappers through retaliation and / or violence.
The syndrome is related to the capture of the bride and similar topics in cultural anthropology. He was then adopted by many psychologists worldwide. The term was coined by criminologist and psychologist Nils Bejerot, who helped the police during the robbery, and referred to the syndrome during a report.
In that event, the victims continued to defend their abductors even after the six days of physical arrest had ended showed reticent behavior in the legal proceedings that followed. This syndrome gets its name from the famous Norrmalmstorg assault by the Kreditbanken in Norrmalmstorg, Stockholm, which lasted from August 23 to 28, 1973. Even in the case of women who suffer aggression from their spouses and even though they often have legal resources and family support to abandon the aggressor, they still persist in living under an atmosphere of fear. In general, these unconscious psychic processes and their relationship between victim / aggressor, can perfectly be understood in a wide range of contexts where the situation of aggressor and abused is repeated. There is also the possibility, widely considered, that for some people victims of similar harassment, they may develop some irrational unconscious defense mechanism, From a psychoanalytic point of view, people who may have developed over the course of childhood experiences with their family members or caregivers, some sadistic or masochistic character trait implicit in their personality, may in certain circumstances of abuse develop feelings of affection and attachment, directed to aggressors, kidnappers, or any profile that fits the general picture corresponding to Stockholm syndrome. Stockholm syndrome or Stockholm syndrome ( Stockholmssyndrometin Swedish) is the name usually given to a particular psychological state in which a person, subjected to a prolonged period of intimidation, starts to have sympathy and even love or friendship for his aggressor.
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